Muhammad Ali's successors, Abbas I (1849-54) and…
1864 CE to 1875 CE
In 1865 the Ottoman Empire cedes the Red Sea coast and its ports to Egypt; two years later, the Ottoman sultan grants Isma'il the title of khedive (sovereign prince).
Egypt organizes and garrisons the new provinces of Upper Nile, Bahr al-Ghazal, and Equatoria and, in 1874, conquers and annexes Darfur.
Isma'il names Europeans to provincial governorships and appoints Sudanese to more responsible government positions.
Responding to British pressure, Isma'il takes steps to eliminate the slave trade in Northern Sudan.
Attempts to build an army on the European model that will no longer depend on slaves for manpower, however, causes unrest.
Army units mutiny, and many Sudanese resent the quartering of troops among the civilian population and the use of Sudanese forced labor on public projects.
Efforts to suppress the slave trade also anger the urban merchant class and the Baqqara Arabs, who have grown prosperous by selling slaves.
People
Groups
Nubians
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Arab people
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Ja'alin tribe
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Christians, Monophysite
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Christianity, Chalcedonian
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Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
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Islam
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Muslims, Sunni
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Funj people
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Fur people (Nilo-Saharan tribe)
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Ottoman Empire
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Sennar, Funj Sultanate of
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Baggara
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Darfur, Keira Sultanate of
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Shaigiya
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Egypt, (Ottoman) Viceroyalty of
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Sudan, Turco-Egyptian
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Egypt, Khedivate of
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