France in the nineteenth century is primarily…
1864 CE to 1875 CE
A limited amount of upward mobility is feasible, thanks to the steadily improved educational system.
Students from all levels of society are granted admission to public secondary schools, thus opening a ladder to sons of peasants and artisans.
However, whether through jealousy or a general distrust for the higher classes, few working-class families take advantage or wish to see their sons move up and out of the class of origin.
Very few sons of poor families seek admission to the 'grandes écoles.'
The elite maintain their position while allowing social ascent the professions for ambitious sons of wealthy farmers and small-town merchants.
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