Peace in India is officially declared on…

Peace in India is officially declared on July 8, 1858.

A grim feature of the mutiny has been the ferocity that accompanied it.

The mutineers commonly shot their British officers on rising and were responsible for massacres at Delhi, Cawnpore, and elsewhere.

The murder of women and children enraged the British, but in fact some British officers began to take severe measures before they knew that any such murders had occurred.

In the end, the reprisals far outweighed the original excesses.

Hundreds of sepoys were shot from cannons in a frenzy of British vengeance (though some British officers did protest the bloodshed).

The immediate result of the mutiny is a general housecleaning of the Indian administration.

Under the Government of India Act of 1858, rule by the East India Company is abolished in favor of the direct rule of India by the British government; Queen Victoria is made Sovereign of India.

In concrete terms this does not mean much, but it introduces a more personal note into the government and removes the unimaginative commercialism that had lingered in the Court of Directors.

The financial crisis caused by the mutiny leads to a reorganization of the Indian administration's finances on a modern basis.

The Indian army is also extensively reorganized.