Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo…

The Bear Springs Treaty had quelled a large scale insurrection by the Ute, Zuni, Hopi, and Navajo tribes.

After the successful conquest of New Mexico, American troops move into modern-day northwest Mexico.

Alexander Doniphan’s force decimates a Mexican detachment about twenty-five miles north of Chihuahua at the Sacramento River crossing on February 28, 1847.

Colonel William Alexander Doniphan had occupied Chihuahua City on March 1, 1847.

British consul John Potts had not wanted to let Doniphan search Governor Trias's mansion, and had unsuccessfully asserted it was under British protection.

American merchants in Chihuahua want the American force to stay in order to protect their business.

Major William Gilpin advocates a march on Mexico City and persuades a majority of officers, but Doniphan subverts this plan.

Then in late April, Taylor orders the First Missouri Mounted Volunteers to leave Chihuahua and join him at Saltillo.

The American merchants either follow or return to Santa Fe.

The Mexican Republic, holding only the North and a couple of pockets in the South, has relocated to Chihuahua within a year of Maximilian’s installation as emperor,  while the Empire dominates the Center to both coasts as well as the Yucatan.

In April and May, the republicans have many forces in the states of Chihuahua and ...

The Republicans, taking immediate advantage of the end of French military support to the Imperial troops, win a series of crippling victories, occupying Chihuahua on March 25.