Herbert II of Vermandois Manipulates Charles the Simple’s Claim (927–928)

By 927–928, Herbert II of Vermandois, having already leveraged his royal prisoner, Charles the Simple, to secure key political gains, now uses Charles as a diplomatic tool in a new power play against King Rudolph of Burgundy. In response to Rudolph’s growing resistance, Herbert brings Charles out of captivity in a strategic move to challenge Rudolph’s legitimacy and gain further influence.

Herbert’s New Strategy: Using Charles Against Rudolph

• Rudolph of Burgundy, the reigning King of West Francia, begins to protest Herbert’s growing power, likely due to Herbert’s hold over Reims, Laon, and influence in the royal court.
• In response, Herbert II produces Charles the Simple, who had been his prisoner since 923, as a potential alternative king, hoping to pressure Rudolph into granting him even more concessions.
• Herbert takes Charles to William Longsword, son of Rollo, Duke of Normandy, to perform homage, attempting to rally Norman support for Charles' reinstatement.
• From there, Herbert brings Charles to Reims, the traditional coronation city of the Frankish kings, using it as a symbolic move to press Charles’ claim.

Seeking Papal Recognition from Pope John X

• To further legitimize Charles’ position, Herbert appeals to Pope John X, seeking papal recognition for Charles as the rightful king.
• This is a high-stakes move, as papal backing would severely undermine Rudolph’s authority, potentially leading to a civil war between factions loyal to Charles and those supporting Rudolph.

Consequences of Herbert’s Actions

1. Threat to Rudolph’s Reign

   • By presenting Charles as a legitimate ruler, Herbert directly challenges Rudolph’s kingship, threatening to destabilize West Francia.

2. Herbert Strengthens His Own Position

   • By controlling both Reims and Charles, Herbert ensures that he remains the most influential noble in the kingdom, acting as a kingmaker.

3. Norman Involvement in Frankish Politics

   • Bringing William Longsword into the conflict signals that the Normans are becoming key political players in West Francia.

Conclusion: Herbert as the Ultimate Political Manipulator

Herbert II’s move to use Charles the Simple as a counter-king against Rudolph of Burgundy shows his mastery of feudal power politics. Though Charles remains a pawn, Herbert’s ability to maneuver between kings, popes, and Norman dukes ensures that his dynasty remains one of the most powerful in West Francia. His relentless ambition further weakens the monarchy, reinforcing the rise of noble autonomy and the ongoing fragmentation of Carolingian authority.