The European revolutions of 1848 bring more ferment in relations between the Serbs and their neighbors.

As part of their revolutionary program, the Hungarians threaten to Magyarize the Serbs in Vojvodina.

Some Serbs there declare their independence from Hungary and proclaim an autonomous Vojvodina; others rally behind the Austrian-Croatian invasion of Hungary.

The Serbs nearly declare war, but Russian and Turkish diplomacy restrain them.

The Serbs in Hungary gain nothing from helping Austria to crush the revolution.

Vienna rules Vojvodina harshly after 1850 and silences Serbian irredentists there.

When Austria joins Hungary to form the Dual Monarchy in 1867, Vienna will return Vojvodina and its Serbs to Hungary.