Ernst Julius Richard experiments with brain electrode…
1898 CE
Ewald is best remembered for his research of the vestibular system of the inner ear, which largely involved experiments performed on the semicircular canal system of pigeons.
From these studies the so-called "Ewald laws" are derived, which deal with the effects of endolymph motion on body, head and eye movements and also on the phenomena of excitation-inhibition asymmetries in the vestibular system.
Ewald's first law: "The axis of nystagmus parallels the anatomic axis of the semicircular canal that generated it".
Ewald's second law: "Ampullopetal endolymphatic flow produces a stronger response than ampullofugal flow in the horizontal canal".
Ewald's third law: "Ampullofugal flow produces a stronger response than ampullpetal flow in the vertical canals (anterior and posterior semicircular canals).
Born in Berlin, he is a younger brother to gastroenterologist Carl Anton Ewald.
In 1880, after finishing his studies in mathematics, physics and medicine, he became an assistant to physiologist Friedrich Goltz (1834-1902) at the University of Strasbourg.
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