The Treaty of Tripoli (Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary), signed in 1796, is the first treaty between the United States of America and Tripoli (now Libya) to secure commercial shipping rights and protect American ships in the Mediterranean Sea from pirates.

It is signed in Tripoli on November 4, 1796, and will be signed again at Algiers (for a third-party witness) on January 3, 1797.

It will be ratified by the United States Senate unanimously without debate on June 7, 1797, taking effect June 10, 1797, with the signature of the second U.S. President, John Adams.

It has attracted attention in recent decades because of a clause in Article 11 stating that "the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion."