The First Bulgarian Empire, East Francia, and…

The First Bulgarian Empire, East Francia, and Moravia, which had fought each other for control of the Carpathian Basin, had occasionally hired Hungarian horsemen as soldiers.

The Hungarians who dwelt in the eastern regions of the Pontic steppes were therefore familiar with their future homeland when they started their their "land-taking".

The ethnic configuration of the northern Balkans is altered permanently by invasions of Magyars from the steppe, who settle the Plain of Hungary, named for these fierce tribes of mounted nomads, and gain full control of the Carpathian Basin, including Transylvania.

The Hungarian conquest starts in the context of a "late or 'small' migration of peoples".

Contemporary sources attest that the Hungarians crossed the Carpathian Mountains following a joint attack in 894 or 895 by the Pechenegs and Bulgarians against them.

They first take control over the lowlands east of the River Danube and attack and in 900 occupy Pannonia (the region to the west of the river).

Exploiting internal conflicts in Moravia sometime between 902 and 906, the Hungarians annihilate this state.