…the city of Toulon, killing an estimated…

George III, to forestall any dispute after his death, appoints his daughter and heiress Tamar as heir apparent and co-ruler in 1178.

However, he will remain co-regent until his death in 1184.

Saracen pirates from the Balearic Islands raid the Benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat on the Lérins Islands and …

Puigcerdà, founded in 1178 by King Alfonso II of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, replaces Hix as the capital of Cerdanya.

Work on the ground floor of the white marble Romanesque-style arcaded, cylindrical bell tower of the cathedral of Pisa had begun on August 14, 1173, during a period of military success and prosperity.

This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.

The tower begins to sink after construction has progressed to the second floor in 1178.

This is due to a mere three-meter foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that is flawed from the beginning.

Construction is subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa will be almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.

This will allow time for the underlying soil to settle.

The Foundation of the Monastery of Alcobaça (1178)

In 1178, construction began on the Monastery of Alcobaça, a monumental Cistercian abbey that would become one of the most important monastic complexes in Portugal. Built in the Portuguese Gothic style, its architectural plan closely followed that of Clairvaux Abbey in France, featuring a spacious ambulatory and radial chapels—hallmarks of Cistercian design.

The monastery was a direct result of the strong ties between Portugal and the Cistercian Order, which played a crucial role in the spiritual, agricultural, and educational development of the kingdom. Over the following decades, Alcobaça would grow into a center of learning, monastic discipline, and artistic expression, cementing its place as one of Portugal’s most revered medieval institutions.

Earl Erling Skakke's position is compromised and he falls at the Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros in 1179.

The battle changes the tide of the civil wars.

Leopold V of Austria, soon after succeeding his father as Duke of Austria upon the latter’s death on January 13, 1177, had lent his support to Frederick of Bohemia in his struggle against Soběslav II, who had campaigned in the Austrian duchy.

Leopold reaches a peace agreement with Bohemia in 1179.

Frederick of Bohemia is the son of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia, who had abdicated in 1172 in his favor.

However, he could not hold on to his principality, because neither the national diet nor the emperor,Frederick I, had approved his accession, and was deposed in September the year following by the emperor at the Diet of Hermsdorf.

The Emperor, godfather and namesake of Frederick, had nominated Oldřich, son of Soběslav I, but he had renounced the throne in favor of his elder brother Soběslav II, who had been imprisoned since 1161.

Soběslav II was sympathetic to the peasantry, but antagonistic to both nobles and emperor.

Sobeslav had granted a charter to the town of Prague, entered into a fight conflict with Henry II, Duke of Austria, in 1175.

In summer 1176, an army led by Duke Conrad Otto of Znojmo had devastated the country to the north of the Danube.

Churches and monasteries were attacked and Pope Alexander III had excommunicated the duke.

the emperor had intervened in 1177 and recognized Frederick as duke.

In alliance with the emperor, Frederick had defeated Soběslav at the battles of Lodenice and Prague.

The emperor had recognized Frederick as an imperial prince, but he had also raised the bishop of Prague, Henry Bretislaus, to princely status, making him a direct vassal of the emperor.

He had also appointed Conrad Otto margrave over Moravia, thus dividing the duchy into three parts dependent on him.

Soběslav will die in "some part of a foreign land" on January 29, 1180, without heirs from his union with Elisabeth (d. 1209), daughter of Mieszko III of Poland.

Saladin, after taking Hama from the Zengids in 1175, grants the city to his nephew, al-Muzaffar Umar, four years later, putting it under the rule of his Ayyubid family; this ushers in an era of stability and prosperity in the city.

Manuel has continued to meet the Seljuqs in smaller battles with some success, and concludes a probably advantageous peace with Kilij Arslan in 1179.

However, like Manzikert, Myriokephalon is a pivotal event and following it the balance between the two powers in Anatolia had gradually begun to shift, for Manuel will never again launch a strategically offensive campaign against the Turks and remains on the defensive.