....the coast of Bohol on March 25…

López de Legazpi and his men sail the Pacific Ocean for ninety-three days.

They sight Guam in early 1565, claiming the island for Spain, and ...

...land in another of the the Mariana Islands to the north of Guam, where they briefly anchor and replenish their supplies, fight with Chamorro tribes, and leave several huts burned to the ground.

The Portuguese missionaries in Indonesia, having met with no success in the Muslim parts of the Malay archipelago, establish a successful mission at Lifão on the eastern part of Timor, whose Indo-Pacific aborigines are still pagan.

The Portuguese Christian communities established early in the sixteenth century on Ternate are nearly overrun in 1565 by the forces of the ruling Muslim sultan Hairun, whose disaffection has resulted from the rapacity of Portuguese sailors and administrators.

The arrival of a fleet from Goa saves the colonist from disaster, and peace is restored.

Bayinnaung brings the Siamese royal family as hostages to Pegu, his capital, burned in a Mon revolt in 1564.

He rebuilds Pegu on an even grander scale, making it one of the richest cities in Southeast Asia.

A patron of Buddhism, Bayinnaung builds pagodas, gives generous donations to monasteries, and maintains extensive diplomatic relations with the Sinhalese Buddhist Kingdom of Kandy on Ceylon.

Setthathirat I, sovereign of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, had married a princess from Ayutthaya and formed a political alliance with the Thai against their common enemy, Burma.

Burmese forces now move west from Chiang Mai to invade laotian territory and besiege Vien Chan (now Vientiane), Setthathirat’s new capital, but withdraw from the area in 1565 the face of fierce and continuous Laotian resistance.

López de Legazpi's troops arrive in the Philippine archipelago and land on February 13, 1565 on the eastern shores of Cebu.

The island’s thriving port has long been visited by traders from various parts of Asia.

After a brief struggle with the natives, they leave the island for ...

...the nearby islands of Leyte and ...

...Camiguin.

His ships drift to ...

Ivan finally agrees to return to Moscow on two conditions.

Firstly, he is to be granted a political and territorial subdivision, the “Oprichnina,” managed entirely at his discretion.

Secondly, he is to have the right to punish traitors and transgressors, executing them when necessary and confiscating their holdings.

The “oprichnina” includes most of Russia’s wealthy towns, cultivated areas and trade routes, the natural stronghold of the wealthy old boyar families.

Moscow’s metropolitan, fearing a large popular revolt in the tsar’s favor, agrees not to interfere with Ivan’s vendetta and his establishment of the Oprichnina, an extensive domain directly controlled by the tsar and policed by his personal servicemen, a corps of enforcers called the Oprichniki, who Ivan uses to kill, imprison, or banish many of the boyars and their families, then appropriates their lands.

The Oprichnina, who reportedly dress all in black and ride black horses in order to inspire terror, bear the insignia of a dog's head and a broom.

The dog symbolizes their loyalty to the tsar (Oprichniks are sometimes called "Tsar's Dogs", both the name and the symbol allusions, likely deliberate, to Dominicans, "dogs of the Lord"), and the broom means that his enemies will be swept away.