Bitter conflicts among the various regional and …
Years: 1252 - 1395
Bitter conflicts among the various regional and ethnic groups in Lebanon and Syria characterize the thirteenth century.
The Crusaders, who come from Europe, the Mongols, who come from the steppes of Central Asia, and the Mamluks, who come from Egypt, all seek to be masters in the area.
In this hard and confused struggle for supremacy, victory comes to the Mamluks.
The Mamluks are a combination of enslaved Turkmen from the area east of the Caspian Sea and enslaved Circassians from the Caucasus Mountains between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea.
They are brought in by the Muslim Ayyubid sultans of Egypt to serve as their bodyguards.
One of these slaves, Aybak, assassinates the Ayyubid sultan, Al Ashraf Musa, in 1252 and founds the Mamluk sultanate, which will rule Egypt and Syria for more than two centuries.
People
Groups
- Semites
- Arab people
- Circassians
- Jews
- Christians, Maronite
- Christians, Miaphysite (Oriental Orthodox)
- Islam
- Muslims, Sunni
- Muslims, Shi'a
- Papal States (Republic of St. Peter)
- Abbasid Caliphate (Baghdad)
- Turkmen people
- Fatimid Caliphate
- France, (Capetian) Kingdom of
- Druze, or Druse, the
- Christians, Eastern Orthodox
- Christians, Roman Catholic
- Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
- Palestine, Frankish (Outremer)
- Sidon, Lordship of
- Mongols
- Mongol Empire
- Egypt and Syria, Mamluk Bahri Sultanate of
- Il-khanate
- Egypt and Syria, Mamluk Burji Sultanate of
Topics
Subjects
Regions
Subregions
Years: 1252 - 1395
People
Groups
- Semites
- Arab people
- Circassians
- Jews
- Christians, Maronite
- Christians, Miaphysite (Oriental Orthodox)
- Islam
- Muslims, Sunni
- Muslims, Shi'a
- Papal States (Republic of St. Peter)
- Abbasid Caliphate (Baghdad)
- Turkmen people
- Fatimid Caliphate
- France, (Capetian) Kingdom of
- Druze, or Druse, the
- Christians, Eastern Orthodox
- Christians, Roman Catholic
- Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
- Palestine, Frankish (Outremer)
- Sidon, Lordship of
- Mongols
- Mongol Empire
- Egypt and Syria, Mamluk Bahri Sultanate of
- Il-khanate
- Egypt and Syria, Mamluk Burji Sultanate of
Topics
Subjects
Regions
Subregions