The restoration of Ferdinand VII had signified…

1815 CE

The restoration of Ferdinand VII had signified an important change, since most of the political and legal changes done on both sides of the Atlantic—the myriad of juntas, the Cortes in Spain and several of the congresses in the Americas, and many of the constitutions and new legal codes—had been done in his name.

Once in Spain, he had realized that he had significant support from conservatives in the general population and the hierarchy of the Spanish Catholic Church, so on May 4 he had repudiated the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and ordered the arrest of liberal leaders who had created it on May 10.

Ferdinand had justified his actions by stating that the Constitution and other changes had been made by a Cortes assembled in his absence and without his consent.

He had also declared all of the juntas and constitutions written in Spanish America invalid and restored the former law codes and political institutions.

News of the events arrived through Spanish America during the next three weeks to nine months, depending on time it took goods and people to travel from Spain.

This, in effect, constituted a definitive break with two groups that could have been allies of Ferdinand VII: the autonomous governments, which had not yet declared formal independence, and Spanish liberals who had created a representative government that would fully include the overseas possessions and was seen as an alternative to independence by many in New Spain, Central America, the Caribbean, Quito (today Ecuador), Peru, Upper Peru (today, Bolivia) and Chile.

Most Spanish Americans are moderates who have decided to wait and see what will come out of the restoration of normalcy.

Spanish Americans in royalist areas who are committed to independence have already joined guerrilla movements.

Ferdinand's actions do set areas outside of the control of the royalist armies on the path to full independence.

The governments of these regions, which have their origins in the juntas of 1810—and even moderates there who had entertained a reconciliation with the crown—now see the need to separate from Spain, if they are to protect the reforms they had enacted

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Ferdinand VII of Spain View →

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Puerto Rico (Spanish Colony) View → Spaniards (Latins) View → Cuba (Spanish Colony) View → New Spain, Viceroyalty of View → Peru, Viceroyalty of View → Quito, Real Audiencia of View → Nuevo Reino de León (New Kingdom of León, Spanish colony View → Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Spanish Colony) View → Guatemala, Captaincy General of (Spanish Colony) View → Texas, Spanish View → Coahuila (Spanish Colony) View → Venezuela, Captaincy General of View → Spanish Florida View → Chile, Republic of View → Río de la Plata, United Provinces of the View → New Granada, United Provinces of View → Spain, Bourbon Kingdom (first restoration) of View →

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Colonization of the Americas, Spanish View → Spanish American wars of independence View → Reconquista (Spanish America) View → Spanish reconquest of New Granada View →

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