The Hephthalite king Toramana had broken through…

The Hephthalite king Toramana had broken through the northwestern defenses of the Gupta Empire in the 480s; by 500, the Huna, or Indo-Hepthalites, had overrun much of the empire, which had disintegrated under the attacks of Toramana and his successor, Mihirakula.

The Huna have conquered several provinces of the empire, including Malwa, Gujarat, and Thanesar, which have now broken away under the rule of local dynasties.

It appears from inscriptions that the Guptas, although their power has been much diminished, continue to resist the Huna and, in alliance with the independent kingdoms, drive the Huna from most of northern India by the 530's.

The succession of the sixth-century Guptas is not entirely clear; Vishnugupta, reigning from 540 in Bengal, is the last recognized ruler of the dynasty's main line.