The Hungarians occupy Belgrade in 1064, and…

Yi Yuanji spends months roaming the mountains of southern Hubei and northern Hunan, watching roebucks and gibbons in their natural environment.

Yi’s "Monkey and Cats" painting is especially charming.

Yi Yuanji is invited in 1064 to paint screens in the imperial palace.

Once this job has been completed, the Yingzong Emperor, impressed, commissions him to paint the "Picture of a Hundred Gibbons", but unfortunately the artist dies after painting only a few gibbons.

A few of his other gibbon paintings have survived, and Robert van Gulik, quite familiar with the behavior of this ape, comments on how naturally they look in the pictures.

His other work includes depictions of deer, peacocks, birds-and-flowers and fruits-and-vegetables; many of them are kept today in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Emund the Old had been the last king of the House of Munsö.

Adam of Bremen relates in his work Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church) that his son Anund Emundsson had died when leading a Swedish attack against Terra Feminarum and the attack ended in Swedish defeat.

Emund had been succeeded in 1060 by his son-in law, Stenkil, who supports the Christianization of Sweden and cooperates with bishops from the Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen.

However, when the Christain missionary Adalvard the Younger at Sigtuna wants to destroy the Temple at Uppsala, Stenkil stops Adalvard's plans, as he fears a pagan insurgence.

The yearly raids have destroyed Denmark's economic and social fabric, but the lengthy war has also taken its toll in Norway.

Harald has had trouble collecting taxes in the Uplands, and probably also in other areas, since the Battle of Niså.

Fatigue and the huge cost of the indecisive battles eventually lead Harald to seek peace with Sweyn, and in 1064 (or 1065 according to Morkinskinna) the two kings agree on an unconditional peace agreement.

By the agreement, they retain their respective kingdoms with the former boundaries, and there will be no payments of reparations.

Pope Alexander II sends the legate Rudolph to hold a diet in Prague in response to the conflicts surrounding the new see.

Jaromír does not attend and is deposed.

…the Pechenegs, driven west by the Cumans, cross the Danube River and ravage the Balkan provinces; they occupy the southern regions of the kingdom of Hungary.

Alp Arslan defeats Qutalmish for the throne and succeeds on April 27, 1064, as the second sultan of Great Seljuq, thus becoming sole monarch of Persia from the river Oxus to the Tigris.

Alp Arslan successfully fights off the challenge of the Ghaznavids of Afghanistan and other dynasties that have arisen after the decline of the Abbasid caliphate.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions, Arslan is ably assisted by Nizam al-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

With peace and security established in his dominions, Arslan convokes an assembly of the states and declares his son Malik Shah I his heir and successor.

After restoring unity to Iran and Iraq, he asserts his authority to the borders of Fatimid Egypt and Greek Anatolia.

Born outside the traditional Muslim countries that he is later to govern, Alp Arslan leaves their administration to his vizier, Nizam al-Mulk.

Alp-Arslan decides to go to Egypt to crush the Isma'ili Fatimid Shi'a heresy, which the 'Abbasid Sunnite caliphate at Baghdad, whose protector he is, will not accept.

On the other hand, he is aware of the necessity of keeping his influence over the Turkmens, which is essential to his military strength.

The Turkmens are interested above all in the success of the holy war against the infidels and in raids on Christian territory.

With the hope of capturing Caesarea Mazaca, the capital of Cappadocia, he places himself at the head of the Turkish cavalry, crosses the Euphrates, and enters and invades the city.

Along with Nizam al-Mulk, he then marches into Armenia and Georgia.

Rival Turkish groups have independently invaded Eastern Roman Anatolia for many years but had gained little success in acquiring territory until Alp Arslan, as leader of the dominant Seljuqs, conducts a series of campaigns into Anatolia, which are extended by attacks from autonomous Turkmen bands.

In 1064, he seizes Ani, the former Armenian capital, and …

…Kars.

These operations result only in some consolidation of boundaries, which assure the Turkmens control over pastureland on the Aras River.

Nevertheless, although the Turkmens return to Muslim territory to store away their booty, these expeditions upset the imperial defense system and pave the way for the subsequent Turkish conquest of Asia Minor.

They result in reactions by the empire's citizenry in Syria and Armenia, after which the two empires begin to negotiate.

Peter Kresimir was born as one of two children to Croatian king Stephen I and his wife Hicela (or Mary), who was possibly of Venetian descent.

Before succeeding the throne, Krešimir had been under suspicion of murdering his brother Gojslav (or Častimir) in order to secure the throne for himself.

Eventually, the church had decided to interfere, and Pope Alexander II had sent one of his delegates to inquire about the death of Gojslav.

Only after the prince and twelve Croatian župans had taken oath that he did not kill his brother, had the Pope given his support to his claim and symbolically restored the royal power to Kresimir.

Raised in Venice, Kresimir had succeeded his father Stephen I upon his death in 1058 and had been crowned the next year.

It is not known where his coronation took place, but some historians suggest Biograd as a possibility.

From the outset, he had continued the policies of his father, but had immediately been requested by Pope Nicholas II, first in 1059 and then in 1060, to reform the Croatian church in accordance with the Roman rite.

This is especially significant to the papacy in the aftermath of the East-West Schism of 1054, when a papal ally in the Balkans is a necessity.

Kresimir and the upper nobility lend their support to the pope and the church of Rome.

The lower nobility and the peasantry, however, are far less well-disposed to reforms.

The Croatian priesthood is aligned towards Greek orthodox orientalism, including having long beards and marrying.

More so, the ecclesiastical service is likely practiced in the native Slavonic (Glagolitic), whereas the pope demands practice in Latin.

This had caused a rebellion of the clergy led by a priest named Vuk against celibacy and the Latin liturgy in 1063, but they are proclaimed heretical at a synod of 1064 and excommunicated, a decision that Kresimir supports.

He harshly quellsall opposition and sustains a firm alignment towards western Romanism, with the intent of more fully integrating the Dalmatian populace into his realm.

In turn, he can then use them to balance the power caused by the growing feudal class.

By the end of Kresimir's reign, feudalism will have made permanent inroads into Croatian society and Dalmatia will be permanently associated with the Croatian state.