The Karanga chiefs of Great Zimbabwe erect in the valley below the Acropolis the immense elliptical structure known as the Great Enclosure, a freestanding outer wall of granite blocks, more than eight hundred feet (two hundred and forty-four meters) long and up to thirty-two feet (nine point eight meters) high.
The wall encloses large huts, compounds, and a mysterious conical tower.
Carved soapstone birds, perched on pillars at the site of Great Zimbabwe, probably have ritual significance, as may female fertility figurines later found here by archaeologists.