The Young Ottoman movement among Western-oriented intellectuals…

The Young Ottoman movement among Western-oriented intellectuals who want to see the empire accepted as an equal by the European powers emerges in the 1860s and early 1870s.

They seek to adopt Western political institutions, including an efficient centralized government, an elected parliament, and a written constitution.

The "Ottomanism" they advocate also calls for an integrated dynastic state that will subordinate Islam to secular interests and allow non-Muslim subjects to participate in representative parliamentary institutions.