The outnumbered Spartans' skill in hoplite warfare…

Athens, having rebuild its fleet with Persian money, destroys Sparta’s naval power in 394 in a battle off Knidos.

Spartan King Agesilaus raids Phrygia again in 394 BCE, but he has been unable to prevent the formation of the huge Persian fleet.

Pharnabazus had persuaded Artaxerxes to organize a naval counterstroke against Sparta, and in August 394, the Persian navy, jointly commanded by Pharnabazus and the Athenian admiral Conon, completely destroys the Spartan fleet off Cnidus and gains the mastery of the Aegean.

Evagoras of Salamis participates in the naval victory.

Sparta, with little to show for its campaign against the Persians, recalls Agesilaus' army from Asia Minor in order to battle the anti-Spartan coalition formed in 395 by Argos, Corinth and Thebes, with Athens, their former enemy in the Peloponnesian War.

The Ephesians desert in 394 BCE to Conon's anti-Spartan maritime league.

Agesilaus, on his return to Greece, defeats the Thebans and their allies at Coronea in 394, but suffers such heavy casualties that he is forced to withdraw to the Peloponnesus.

Agesilaus is, however, unable to pry the Athenian general Iphicrates out of Corinth, where he has established himself with mercenaries and lightly armed troops (peltasts); Iphicrates has increased the length of their weapons and improved their mobility by reducing defensive armor.

Athens has meanwhile used Persian money to rebuild its fleet.

Dionysius is engaged in eastern Sicily during 396-393 BCE, including an unsuccessful siege of Tauromenium (394 BCE), a Sicel city allied to Carthage.

Carthage, occupied in Africa dealing with a rebellion, responds to this attack on their allies by renewing the war.

Leukon, ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom from 387 BCE, is noted in antiquity as a strategist and a disciplinarian.

In the writings of Aeneas Tacticus, How to Survive under Siege, he dismissed his guards who owed gambling debts, because their loyalty could be doubted during a city siege.

He continues the war of his father against Theodosia and Chersonesus with the goal of annexing all the Greek colonies in the Bosporus.

He also makes Sindike his vassal, and in an inscription from Nymphaion he is described as "archon of the Bosporus, Theodosia, all Sindike".