The process of Islamization gains added momentum…

The process of Islamization gains added momentum under the 'Abbasids as a result of further restrictions imposed on non-Muslims, particularly by al Mutawakkil, who, when he succeeds al-Wathiq as caliph in 847, reverts to a position of Islamic orthodoxy and begins a persecution of all non-orthodox or non-Muslim groups.

Synagogues and churches in Baghdad are torn down or converted into mosques, while ...