Vladimir Lenin goes abroad in forced exile…

Vladimir Lenin goes abroad in forced exile in 1900 and with Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov and others organizes the clandestine newspaper Iskra (“The Spark”), designed to “ignite” radical consciousness.

In his writings for Iskra, lenin emphatically rejects the idea of a political alliance with livberals or other elements of the bourgeoisie and stresses the importance of social democracy over political democracy as the foundation of individual freedom.

Due to political repression under Tsar Nicholas II, it is necessary to publish Iskra in exile and smuggle it into Russia.

Initially, it is managed by Lenin, moving as he moves.

The first edition is published in Leipzig, Germany, on December 1, 1900 (other sources say Dec. 11).