The town of Harwich in Essex, whose…
1319 CE
The town of Harwich in Essex, whose name means "military settlement," from Old English here-wic, had received its charter in 1238, although there is evidence of earlier settlement—for example, a record of a chapel in 1177.
One of the Haven ports, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east, Harwich receives its first royal charter in 1319.
Its position on the estuaries of the Stour and Orwell rivers and its usefulness to mariners as the only safe anchorage between the Thames and the Humber leads to a long period of maritime significance, both civil and military.
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Construction begins in 1319 on Saint Peter’s Church in Malmö, a Danish city chartered during the thirteenth century and located near the southern end of the Swedish peninsula, sixteen miles (twenty-six kilometers) across the Oresund from Copenhagen, Denmark.
Three-year-old Magnus Eriksson, whose paternal uncle was King Birger of Sweden, and whose maternal grandfather was King Haakon V of Norway, inherits the crown of Norway and is in 1319 elected king of Sweden.
As Magnus VII, King of Norway, he is the first king to unite the crowns of Sweden and Norway.
Other islands were also taken, including Kastellórizo and Bodrum.
The Hospitallers then moved their headquarters to Rhodes.
However, despite the huge benefits to his Order from the suppression of the Knights Templar (the Templars' assets had been assigned to the Hospitallers by the Pope in 1312), Villaret's campaigns of territorial expansion have run the Order heavily into debt (these debts will not be paid off until the mid-1330s.
Villaret seems to have been a difficult and overbearing man, and eventually alienated his Order.
Allegations were made of increasingly arrogant, even tyrannical, behavior, although none of the allegations are specific, and one Italian account of the lives of the Grand Masters claims that he was treated unjustly.
The Order had attempted a coup against Villaret in 1317.
A group of knights had gone to assassinate him at his residence at Rhodini, but his chamberlain had aided his escape to the Hospitaller castle at Lindos, where he was besieged by his own Order, ...
It is s met off Chios by a Hospitaller fleet of twenty-four ships and eighty Hospitaller knights, under Albert of Schwarzburg, to which a squadron of one galley and six other ships had been added by Martino Zaccaria of Chios.
The battle ends in a crushing Christian victory: only six Turkish vessels manage to escape capture or destruction.
This victory is followed up by ...
The dispute was then brought before the Pope, who in early 1319 had rejected Pagnac's election, mostly due to Villaret's continuing popularity in Western Europe, but soon after, Villaret was pressured to resign, and in June 1319 he is replaced by Hélion of Villeneuve.
...the recovery of Leros, whose native Greek population had rebelled in the name of the emperor in Constantinople, and by another victory in the next year over a Turkish fleet poised to invade Rhodes.
Pope John XXII rewards Schwarzburg by restoring him to the post of grand preceptor of Cyprus, whence he had been dismissed two years earlier, and promised the commandery of Kos, if he could capture it.
Efforts begin to form a Christian naval league to counter Turkish piracy, but the defeat off Chios cannot halt the rise of Aydinid power in the immediate future.
The Zaccarias will soon after be forced to surrender their mainland outpost of Smyrna to Mehmed's son Umur Beg, under whose leadership Aydinid fleets will roam the Aegean for the next two decades, until the Smyrniote crusades (1343–1351) break the Aydinid emirate's power.
Modena’s Torre Ghirlandina, a bell tower, is completed in 1319.