This second period of Francisco de Paula…

This second period of Francisco de Paula Santander’s control over New Granada has been quite different from the first, in that it has stressed an alternate form of proteccionismo.

He had first reverted most of his original changes from Bolívar's undoing, although some are devalued.

He had then stepped up his quest for safety under the wings of industrialized nations, as opposed to discouraging trade with them, even going so far as to insert economic contacts in eleven United States cities.

He hopes that by creating strong ties with them, he will avoid the high tariffs he inherently dislikes.

After five years of efficient stewardship, Santander leaves the New Granadan presidency in April 1837.

He is succeeded by Vice President José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto.