Translations are to become increasingly popular and…

Translations are to become increasingly popular and influential in Elizabethan England, beginning with Sir Thomas Hoby's 1561 translation of Baldassare Castiglione's The Courtier, which promotes the ideals of courtly behavior.

Elizabeth has remained close with Dudley and he, with her blessing and on her prompting, has pursued his suit for her hand in an atmosphere of diplomatic intrigue.

His wife's and his father's shadows haunt his prospects.

Pope Pius IV explains to one of his cardinals: “the greater part of the nobility of that island take ill the marriage which the said queen designs to enter with the Lord Robert Dudley ... they fear that if he becomes king, he will want to avenge the death of his father, and extirpate the nobility of that kingdom.” Elizabeth counters such notions, saying that Lord Robert "was of a very good disposition and nature, not given by any means to seek revenge of former matters past".

His efforts leading nowhere, Dudley offers in the spring of 1561 to leave England to seek military adventures abroad; Elizabeth will have none of that, and everything remains as it is.