Vicious fighting among various factions, including Mao…
1935 CE
Vicious fighting among various factions, including Mao Zhe Dong’s Communists and Jiang Jeishi’s Kuomintang Nationalists, destabilizes China in the 1930’s.
The KMT forces the CCP from the Henan-Jiangxi region in 1934-35.
The Chinese Communists under Chuh Teh and Mao Zhe Dong, encircled by Jiang Jieshi’s Guomintang forces, break out to make the five thousand-mile Long March from the southern Jiangxi Province through western China to the northwestern frontier in Shaanxi Province.
Of the 80,000 Communists that embark on the 5,000 mile Long March to Shaanxi, only 20,000 survive to reach their destination.
During the March, Mao Zedong achieves control of the CCP.
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In the 1922 election, New Zealand Labour party, the Liberal party’s philosophical heirs, had more than doubled its number of seats, winning seventeen.
In the 1925 election, it declined somewhat, but had the consolation of soon overtaking the Liberals as the second largest party.
Harry Holland became the official Leader of the Opposition on June 16, 1926, after the Eden by-election on 15 April elected Rex Mason (Labour) to replace Christopher Parr (Reform) who had resigned.
After the 1928 election, however, the party was left in an advantageous position — the Reform Party and the new United Party (a revival of the Liberals) were tied on 27 seats each, and neither could govern without Labour support.
Labour chose to back United, the party closest to its own views — this put an end to five terms of Reform Party government.
The rigors of the Great Depression have brought Labour considerable popularity, but also caused tension between Labour and the United Party.
In 1931, United had passed a number of economic measures which Labour deemed hostile to workers, and the agreement between the two parties collapsed.
United then formed a coalition government with Reform, making Labour the Opposition.
The coalition retained power in the 1931 election, but gradually, the public became highly dissatisfied with its failure to resolve the country's economic problems.
The Labour party gains control in 1935 in a massive victory, gaining 53 seats to the coalition's 19.
Michael Joseph Savage, leader of the Labour Party, becomes Prime Minister on December 6, 1935, marking the beginning of Labour's first term in office.
The new government quickly sets about implementing a number of significant reforms, including a reorganization of the social welfare system and the creation of the state housing scheme.
Labour also pursues an alliance with the Māori Ratana movement.
Savage himself is highly popular with the working classes, and his portrait can be found on the walls of many houses around the country.
The opposition, meanwhile, attacks the Labour Party's more left-wing policies, and accuses it of undermining free enterprise and hard work.
Siam’s King Prajadhipok, residing in England, abdicates in 1935 and remains there.
The National Assembly declares the legal heir, ten-year old Prince Ananda Mahidol, as king and appoints a Regency Council to rule.
At the central Chinese city of Han-k'ou (Hankow), at the confluence of the Han Shui and Yangtze rivers, the government's Special Tax Bureau collects $20 million in annual opium transit fees.
The head of the government's Opium Suppression Bureau is an active member of the Green Gang who remains loyal to his benefactor, Tu Yueh-shen.
The League's attempt at global regulation and the Nationalist regime's local suppression effectively, if unintentionally, combines to expand illicit narcotics traffic in China, which has in two decades become the world's primary heroin manufacturer.
Beginning in the late 1920s, China's rising criminal syndicates shift from the import of heroin to its manufacture and distribution.
On balance, the growth of the heroin trade in northeast China is a market response to both global and local attempts at suppression.
In the decade following the League of Nations' first attempt at opiates control in 1925, Shanghai emerges as a major center for illicit heroin.
In the early 1930s, leading European drug dealers such as the notorious Eliopoulos brothers, pushed by Istanbul's violent criminal milieu and pulled by the scale of the Asian drug trade, move to Shanghai and Tianjin (Tientsin), where the majority of illegal heroin smuggled into the US in the 1930s is refined.
The Jewish syndicates that dominate New York's drug trade under the leadership of Yasha Katzenberg and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, founder of the murder-for-hire organization popularly known as Murder, Inc., dispatch agents to purchase heroin through European dealers based in Shanghai.
Green Gang leader Tu Yueh-sheng simultaneously emerges as the city's leading drug dealer and a key intelligence operative for the Nationalist Government—an alliance that protects the narcotics network from the regime's anti-opium campaign of the 1930s.
(Source: The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade)
Economic hardship in Qatar has increased with the global depression of the early 1930s.
Western interest in Qatar resumes, however, when competition (mainly between Britain and the United States) for oil concessions in the region intensifies.
In a 1935 treaty, Britain makes more specific promises of assistance than in earlier treaties in return for the granting of a concession to Qatar Petroleum Company, a subsidiary of the Anglo-Dutch, French, and US owned Iraq Petroleum Company.
The gulf region continues to profit from the gulf pearl beds, but this industry declines in the 1930s as a result of the world depression, which reduces demand, and as a result of the Japanese development, in the 1890's, of a cheaper way to "breed" pearls, or make cultured pearls.
In the 1930s, opium cultivation is banned in the Indian province of Assam.
The 1919 reforms had earlier been introduced in the North-West Frontier Province.
Balochistan, however, retains special status; it has no legislature and is governed by an "agent general to the governor-general."
After 1853, Sind had been divided into provinces, each being assigned a Zamindar or Wadera to collect taxes for the British (a system adopted from the Mughals).
After the Government of India Act 1935, Sind is separated from the Bombay presidency, which becomes a regular province; Sind, with the princely state of Khairpur under its authority, will become a province on April 1, 1936.
In addition, he spreads propaganda by continuing his rigorous schedule of speechmaking.
He tells a London journalist in 1935 that "Jewry must perish".