Chinook people (Amerind tribe)

Mount Hood, called Wy'east by the Multnomah people, a band of the Chinookan peoples, is given its present name on October 29, 1792, by Lieutenant William Broughton, a member of Captain George Vancouver's exploration expedition.

Broughton observes its peak while at Belle Vue Point of what is now called Sauvie Island during his travels up the Columbia River, writing, "A very high, snowy mountain now appeared rising beautifully conspicuous in the midst of an extensive tract of low or moderately elevated land [location of today's Vancouver, Washington] lying S 67 E., and seemed to announce a termination to the river."

Broughton names the mountain after Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, a British Admiral at the Battle of the Chesapeake.

Captain Gray fires on a group of Chinooks later in 1792, in Grays Harbor, killing twenty.

Still later, in Clayoquot Sound again, Gray kills or wounds at least twenty-five natives who approach his ship in a war canoe during the night.

Gray battles a group of Kwakiutls in late 1792.

The Lewis and Clark expedition, in canoes, had descended the mountains by the Clearwater River, the Snake River, and the Columbia River, past Celilo Falls, and past what is now Portland, Oregon, at the meeting of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers.

Inhabited for many centuries by two bands of indigenous Chinook people— the Multnomah and the Clackamas peoples—the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys is one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast.

Lewis and Clark use William Robert Broughton's 1792 notes and maps to orient themselves once they reach the lower Columbia River.

The sighting of Mount Hood and other stratovolcanos confirm that the expedition has almost reached the Pacific Ocean.

The Tonquin arrives at the Columbia River on March 22, 1811, but its dangerous bar poses a major problem.

Thorn sends five men in a boat to attempt to locate the channel, but the rough surf capsizes the vessel and its crew is lost.

Two days later another attempt by an additional small boat also sinks.

Of the five crew members, which include two Hawaiian Kanakas, only an American and a Hawaiian survive.

In total eight men die attempting to find a safe route past the Columbia Bar.

Finally, on March 24, the Tonquin crosses into the Columbia’s estuary and lays anchor in Baker’s Bay.

The personnel then proceed fifteen miles up the river to present-day Astoria, Oregon, where they will spend two months laboring to establish the first American-owned (if Canadian-staffed) outpost on the Pacific Coast, Fort Astoria (present-day Astoria, Oregon) which is near the Lewis and Clark 1805–1806 winter camp of Fort Clatsop at the mouth of the Columbia River.

Some trade goods and other materials that compose the cargo will be transferred to the new trading post.

During this work, small transactions with curious Chinookan Clatsop people occur.