Fascism

Fascism  is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which comes to prominence in early twentieth-century Europe.

The first fascist movements emerge in Italy during the First World War, before spreading to other European countries.

Opposed to liberalism, Marxism, and anarchism, fascism is placed on the far-right within the traditional left–right spectrum.

Fascists see the First World War as a revolution that had brought massive changes to the nature of war, society, the state, and technology.

The advent of total war and the total mass mobilization of society had broken down the distinction between civilians and combatants.

A "military citizenship" had arisen in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner during the war.

The war had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines and providing economic production and logistics to support them, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.

Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete and regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties.

Such a state is led by a strong leader—such as a dictator and a martial government composed of the members of the governing fascist party—to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society.

Fascism rejects assertions that violence is automatically negative in nature and views political violence, war and imperialism as means that can achieve national rejuvenation.

Fascists advocate a mixed economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through protectionist and interventionist economic policies.

Since the end of the Second World War  in 1945, few parties have openly described themselves as fascist, and the term is instead now usually used pejoratively by political opponents.

The descriptions neo-fascist or post-fascist are sometimes applied more formally to describe parties of the far-right with ideologies similar to, or rooted in, twentieth-century fascist movements.[

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