Golden Dawn, Hermetic Order of the

The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (Latin: Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae; or, more commonly, the Golden Dawn (Aurora Aurea)) is a secret society devoted to the study and practice of the occult, metaphysics, and paranormal activities during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Known as a magical order, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn is active in Great Britain and focuses its practices on theurgy and spiritual development.

Many present-day concepts of ritual and magic that are at the center of contemporary traditions, such as Wicca and Thelema, are inspired by the Golden Dawn, which becomes one of the largest single influences on twentieth century Western occultism.

The three founders, William Robert Woodman, William Wynn Westcott and Samuel Liddell Mathers, are Freemasons.

Westcott appears to have been the initial driving force behind the establishment of the Golden Dawn.

The Golden Dawn system is based on hierarchy and initiation, similar to Masonic lodges; however, women are admitted on an equal basis with men.

The "Golden Dawn" is the first of three Orders, although all three are often collectively referred to as the "Golden Dawn"

The First Order teaches esoteric philosophy based on the Hermetic Qabalah and personal development through study and awareness of the four classical elements, as well as the basics of astrology, tarot divination, and geomancy.

The Second or Inner Order, the Rosae Rubeae et Aureae Crucis, teaches magic, including scrying, astral travel, and alchemy.

The Third Order is that of the Secret Chiefs, who are said to be highly skilled; they supposedly direct the activities of the lower two orders by spirit communication with the Chiefs of the Second Order.

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