Gonja state

Askia Daoud (also Askia Dawud), ruler of the Songhai Empire, had peacefully succeeded Askia Ishaq I following that ruler's 1549 death.

The Empire has continued to expand under Daoud's rule, and sees little internal strife.

Daoud is particularly remembered for his victories against the Mossi as well as for being a hafiz, a person who has completely memorized the Qur'an.

Daoud’s Malinke cavalrymen establish the Gonja state in present northern Ghana, in the area above the confluence of the Black and White Volta rivers, not much earlier than 1575.

The Asante have supplied enslaved people to British and Dutch traders on the coast from the beginning of the eighteenth century; in return, they receive firearms with which to enforce their territorial expansion.

After the death of the powerful Osei Tutu in either 1712 or 1717, a period of internal chaos and factional strife has ended with the accession of Opoku Ware (reigned from about 1720 to 1750), under whom the Asante will reach its fullest extent in the interior of the country.

Bono, an Akan state of West Africa, located between the forests of Guinea and the savannas of the Sudan in what is now Brong-Ahafo Region in the Republic of Ghana, had probably been founded about 1450, and its rise was undoubtedly connected with the developing gold trade of Bighu, a Malian Muslim or Dyula commercial center forty miles (sixty-four kilometers) to the northwest.

From there Muslim traders came to Bono soon after its foundation, and many members of the royal household were later converted to Islam.

The kings of Bono are said to have played a major role in the gold-mining industry: both Obunumankoma (flourished from about 1450–75) and 'Ali Kwame (flourished from about 1550 to 60) are thought to have introduced new mining techniques from the western Sudan to the Akan fields, and Owusu Aduam (flourished around 1650) is reported to have completely reorganized the industry.

The gold from the Akan fields, passed through the entrepôts of the western Sudan along the trade routes of the Sahara to the terminal ports of North Africa and from there to Europe and elsewhere.

Bono has engaged in wars with Sumalia Ndewura Jakpa of Gonja and is finally subjugated in 1722–23 by Opoku Ware of the Asante empire.