Grebo people
Nation | Active
1000 CE to 2215 CE
Grebo people (or Glebo) is a term used to refer to an ethnic group or subgroup within the larger Kru group of Africa, a language and cultural ethnicity, and to certain of its constituent elements.
Within Liberia members of this group are found primarily in Maryland County and Grand Kru County in the southeastern portion of the country, but also in River Gee County and Sinoe County.
The Grebo population in Côte d'Ivoire are known as the Krumen and are found in the southwestern corner of that country.
A 2001 estimate of the number of Grebo people in Liberia is approximately 387,000.
There are an estimated 48,300 Grebo in Côte d'Ivoire, not counting refugees.
Precise numbers are lacking, since many have been displaced by the civil war in Liberia of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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The Americo-Liberian settlers do not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encounter, especially those in communities of the more isolated "bush".
They know nothing of their cultures, languages, or animist religion, and are not interested in learning.
The colonial settlements are raided by the Kru and Grebo from their inland chiefdoms.
Encounters with tribal Africans in the bush often become violent confrontations.
In Slaves to Racism: An Unbroken Chain from America to Liberia, Benjamin Dennis and Anita Dennis argue that the Americo-Liberians replicated the only society most of them knew: the racist culture of the American South.
Believing themselves different from and culturally and educationally superior to the indigenous peoples, the Americo-Liberians develop as an elite minority that holdd on to political power.
They treat the natives the way American whites had treated them: as inferiors.
The natives cannot vote and cannot speak unless spoken to.
Just as American Blacks are prohibited from marrying or having sexual relationships with white women, the natives cannot marry Americo-Liberian women
Even when some natives become educated, they will be excluded from government positions, except for a token few.
Indigenous tribesmen will not enjoy birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904.
Americo-Liberians encourage religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples.
They know nothing of their cultures, languages, or animist religion, and are not interested in learning.
The colonial settlements are raided by the Kru and Grebo from their inland chiefdoms.
Encounters with tribal Africans in the bush often become violent confrontations.
In Slaves to Racism: An Unbroken Chain from America to Liberia, Benjamin Dennis and Anita Dennis argue that the Americo-Liberians replicated the only society most of them knew: the racist culture of the American South.
Believing themselves different from and culturally and educationally superior to the indigenous peoples, the Americo-Liberians develop as an elite minority that holdd on to political power.
They treat the natives the way American whites had treated them: as inferiors.
The natives cannot vote and cannot speak unless spoken to.
Just as American Blacks are prohibited from marrying or having sexual relationships with white women, the natives cannot marry Americo-Liberian women
Even when some natives become educated, they will be excluded from government positions, except for a token few.
Indigenous tribesmen will not enjoy birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904.
Americo-Liberians encourage religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples.
The settlers in Liberia issue a Declaration of Independence and promulgate a constitution on July 26, 1847.
Based on the political principles of the United States Constitution, it establishes the independent Republic of Liberia.
The United Kingdom is the first country to recognize Liberia's independence.
Based on the political principles of the United States Constitution, it establishes the independent Republic of Liberia.
The United Kingdom is the first country to recognize Liberia's independence.
Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of the independent African Republic of Liberia on January 3, 1848.
The United States does not recognize Liberia until 1862, after the southern states, who have significant influence in the American government, secede from the union to form the Confederacy.
The leadership of the new nation consists largely of the Americo-Liberians, who initially established political and economic dominance in the coastal areas that the ACS had purchased; they maintain relations with U.S. contacts in developing these areas and the resulting trade.
The leadership of the new nation consists largely of the Americo-Liberians, who initially established political and economic dominance in the coastal areas that the ACS had purchased; they maintain relations with U.S. contacts in developing these areas and the resulting trade.
The Americo-Liberians' passage of the 1865 Ports of Entry Act prohibits foreign commerce with the inland tribes, ostensibly to "encourage the growth of civilized values" before such trade is allowed in the region.
The True Whig Party is Liberia's most powerful political entity by 1877.
It is made up primarily of Americo-Liberians, who will maintain social, economic and political dominance well into the twentieth century, repeating patterns of European colonists in other nations in Africa.
Competition for office is usually contained within the party; a party nomination virtually ensures election.
Pressure from the United Kingdom, which controls Sierra Leone to the northwest, and France, with its interests in the north and east, leads to a loss of Liberia's claims to extensive territories.
Both Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast annex territories.
Liberia struggles to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy.
It is made up primarily of Americo-Liberians, who will maintain social, economic and political dominance well into the twentieth century, repeating patterns of European colonists in other nations in Africa.
Competition for office is usually contained within the party; a party nomination virtually ensures election.
Pressure from the United Kingdom, which controls Sierra Leone to the northwest, and France, with its interests in the north and east, leads to a loss of Liberia's claims to extensive territories.
Both Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast annex territories.
Liberia struggles to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy.
There is a decline in production of Liberian goods in the late nidneteenth century, and the government struggled financially, resulting in indebtedness on a series of international loans.
On July 16, 1892, Martha Ann Erskine Ricks meets Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle and presents her a handmade quilt, Liberia's first diplomatic gift.
Born into slavery in Tennessee, Ricks says, "I had heard it often, from the time I was a child, how good the Queen had been to my people—to slaves—and how she wanted us to be free."
On July 16, 1892, Martha Ann Erskine Ricks meets Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle and presents her a handmade quilt, Liberia's first diplomatic gift.
Born into slavery in Tennessee, Ricks says, "I had heard it often, from the time I was a child, how good the Queen had been to my people—to slaves—and how she wanted us to be free."