Luddites
Movement | Defunct
1811 CE to 1816 CE
The Luddites are a group of English textile workers and weavers in the nineteenth century who destroy weaving machinery as a form of protest.
The group is protesting the use of machinery in a "fraudulent and deceitful manner" to get around standard labor practices.
Luddites fear that the time spent learning the skills of their craft will go to waste as machines will replace their role in the industry.
It is a misconception that the Luddites protested against the machinery itself in an attempt to halt the progress of technology.
Over time, however, the term has come to mean one opposed to industrialization, automation, computerization, or new technologies in general.
The Luddite movement begins in Nottingham and culminates in a region-wide rebellion that lasts from 1811 to 1816.
Mill owners take to shooting protesters and eventually the movement is suppressed with military force.
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Luddites object primarily to the rising popularity of automated textile equipment, threatening the jobs and livelihoods of skilled workers as this technology allows them to be replaced by cheaper and less skilled workers.
The movement begins in Arnold, Nottingham on March 11, 1811, and will spread rapidly throughout England over the next two years.
Handloom weavers had burn mills and pieces of factory machinery.
Textile workers had destroyed industrial equipment during the late eighteenth century,[ prompting acts such as the Protection of Stocking Frames, etc. Act 1788.
Lord Byron becomes an instant celebrity with the publication in 1812 of the first two cantos of "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", a lengthy narrative poem, with; three more parts are to follow over the next six years.
Dedicated to "Ianthe", the poem describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who, disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands.In a wider sense, it is an expression of the melancholy and disillusionment felt by a generation weary of the wars of the post-Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras.
The title comes from the term childe, a medieval title for a young man who was a candidate for knighthood.
The poem contains elements thought to be autobiographical, as Byron had generated some of the storyline from experience gained during his travels through Portugal, the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea between 1809 and 1811.
The "Ianthe" of the dedication is the term of endearment he uses for Lady Charlotte Harley, about eleven years old.
Charlotte Bacon née Harley is the second daughter of the 5th Earl of Oxford and Lady Oxford, Jane Elizabeth Scott.
Throughout the poem Byron, in character of Childe Harold, regrets his wasted early youth, hence re-evaluating his life choices and re-designing himself through going on the pilgrimage, during which he laments various historical events including the Iberian Peninsular War among others.
Despite Byron's initial hesitation at having the first two cantos of the poem published because he feels it reveals too much of himself, it is published, at the urging of friends, by John Murray in 1812, and brings both the poem and its author to immediate and unexpected public attention.
Byron had gives his first address as a member of the British House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against industrialism, in his home county of Nottinghamshire, on February 27, 1812.