Novempopulania (Latin for "country of the nine peoples") is one of the provinces created by Diocletian out of Gallia Aquitania, being also called Aquitania Tertia.
The area of Novempopulania is historically the first one to receive the name of Aquitania, as it is here where the original Aquitani dwelt primarily.
The territory extendi within the triangular area outlined by the River Garonna, the Pyrenees and the ocean, as described by Caesar in De bello gallico for Gallia Aquitania.
In his work, Caesar describes the Aquitani as being different in language and body make-up from their northerly neighbors and more similar to the Iberians.
Yet the Aquitania province is enlarged by Augustus, and it begins to signify a larger and more diverse territory.
