Cape Guardafui Bari Somalia

Diogo Dias's subsequent attempts to find the main fleet had ended with him mistakenly sailing past Cape Guardafui and into the Gulf of Aden, waters as yet unsailed by Portuguese ships.

Trapped by contrary winds, Dias spends several harrowing months in the area.

Battered by tempests, attacked by pirates and finally forced aground on the Eritrean coast, in a desperate search for water and food for his rapidly dying crew.

By the time he leaves this trap, Dias has only six crewmen left.

Diogo Fernandes Pereira had been appointed master and captain (a very unusual combination) of a Setúbal ship bound for India, in 1503.

Known lists for the armada and the chronicles do not actually give his ship a name, but just call it "the ship from/of Setúbal", a strong suggestion that it might have been privately outfitted by the merchant community of the city of Setúbal and captained by one of their own.

Diogo Fernandes Pereira's name is usually given simply as 'Diogo Fernandes'.

He is sometimes referred to as Diogo Fernandes de Setúbal (his hometown), to distinguish him from another Indian Ocean adventurer of this period with a similar name, known as Diogo Fernandes de Beja.

A Portuguese seaman of obscure background, he served as master on several ships: as third officer, below the pilot and captain, a position that requires trained navigational expertise.

He may have served as pilot on other occasions.

The Setúbal ship had originally been assigned to the third squadron of the Fifth Portuguese Armada, under the vice-admiral António de Saldanha, but navigational errors on Saldanha's part had led to the separation of the ships shortly after Cape Verde.

Diogo Fernandes had been forced to sail on alone.

The chronicler Gaspar Correia (p. 418) claims that after doubling the Cape of Good Hope by himself, Fernandes did not turn into the Mozambique Channel, but rather pushed east, sailing under the island of Madagascar, and then turned north, sailing up east of Madagascar.

This would make him the first known ship to sail the 'outer route' to the East Indies.

(Although there remains the possibility that Diogo Dias also did precisely that in 1500.)

Although Correia's account is not corroborated by other chroniclers, Diogo Fernandes Pereira seems to almost certainly have missed Mozambique Island, the usual collection point for Portuguese ships, and where one of his squadron, Rui Lourenço Ravasco, was known to be waiting.

Instead, we next hear of Fernandes up near Cape Guardafui, which strongly suggests that he did take the outer route, as, sailing north by that route, he would not have sighted African coast before the horn.