Erzurum > Karin Erzurum Turkey

It is generally assumed that the Hittites came into Anatolia some time before 2000 BCE.

While their earlier location is disputed, there has been strong evidence for more than a century that the home of the Indo-Europeans in the fourth and third millennia was in the Pontic Steppe, present day Ukraine around the Sea of Azov.

The Hittites and other members of the Anatolian family then came from the north, possibly along the Caspian Sea, for reasons unknown.

Their movement into the region sets off a Near East mass migration sometime around 1900 BCE.

This invasion by the Hittites displaces other peoples living in Anatolia, who in turn displace the Middle Helladic Greek-speaking peoples to the west.

This enforced exodus from Northwestern Anatolia creates a wave of refugees who invade what is now southern Greece and destroy the Early Helladic civilization.

Archaeological evidence shows that the cities of Erzurum, ...

Narseh's wife is to live out the remainder of the war in Daphne, a suburb of Antioch, serving to the Persians as a constant reminder of Roman victory.

Galerius advances into Media and Adiabene, winning continuous victories, most prominently near Erzurum, and …

The emperor Constantine IX sends a message to the Georgian warlord Liparit, whom the imperial forces had aided in his struggle against the Georgian king Bagrat IV, to unite against the advancing Seljuqs, but orders Liparit to pursue a defensive strategy until the arrival of Georgian reinforcements.

The Seljuq forces effect the complete destruction of Artze, a vibrant commercial center in the imperial thema of Iberia (near the modern-day Erzurum, Turkey).

…Karin, …

…Erzurum.

Suleiman establishes a new Ottoman province at Erzurum.

Ottoman sultan Suleiman I begins his third and final campaign against the Persian Shah in 1553; he soon loses Erzurum.

Suleiman leads a Turkish army to retake Erzurum, then advances into ...

...Erzurum, ...

A series of border incidents in the 1830s had again brought Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the brink of war.

Britain and Russia had offered to mediate, and a second Treaty of Erzurum is signed on May 31, 1847.

The Ottoman Empire cedes Abadan Island to the Persian Empire.

This treaty divides the disputed region between the two parties and provides for a boundary commission to delimit the entire border.

The boundary commission's work will encounter several political setbacks but will finally complete its task in 1914.