Kronstadt > Brasov Brasov Romania

Andrew issues the Diploma Andreanum, which unifies and ensures the special privileges of the Transylvanian Saxons, in 1224.

It is considered the oldest Autonomy law in the world.

Andrew in the same year expels the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania because they have ignored his overlordship.

The foreign settlers in Transylvania include people from as far off as Flanders; and even Teutonic Knights returned from Palestine, who in 1211 had established the town of Kronstadt, Hungarian Brassó, now (Brasov, Romania), before a conflict with the king prompts their departure for the Baltic region in 1225.

Hungary's kings reinforce the loyalty of foreign settlers by granting them land, commercial privileges, and considerable autonomy.

Nobility is restricted to Roman Catholics and, while some Transylvanian noblemen have converted to the Roman rite to preserve their privileges, most of the Orthodox Transylvanians have become serfs.

The Cumans, a nomadic Turkish people comprising the western branch of the Kipchak confederation, had during the twelfth century acted as auxiliary troops for the Russian princes and in that capacity had clashed with Hungarian expeditionary forces; but, by the beginning of the thirteenth century, they had become more aggressive and launched their own raids into southeastern Transylvania.

The Cuman prince Barc and fifteen thousand of his people are baptized into the Christian faith in 1227.

The Town Hall of Kronstad, or Brasov, is constructed in 1420.