An Lushan (Ān Lùshān, a transcription of the common Sogdian name Rokhshan, meaning "the Bright") (c. 703– 29 January 757) is a general who rebels against the Tang Dynasty in China.

His name is also transcribed into Chinese as Āluòshān or Gáluòshān, and he is posthumously named Prince La of Yan by his deputy Shi Siming.

An Lushan is of Sogdian and Tujue origin, at least by adoption.

He rises to prominence defending the northeastern border from the Khitan and other northern threats.

He is summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and manages to get the favor of Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong.

This allows An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China.

After the death of Li Linfu, his opposition with rival generals Geshu Han and Yang Guozhong creates military tension within the Empire, which is increased by the promotion of Yang Guozhong to Chancellor.

In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, rises in armed revolt, proclaiming himself to be the ruler of his own, new dynasty, precipitating a series of catastrophic events often known as the An Lushan Rebellion, named after him (although sometimes referred to as An-Shi after the An and Shi families).

An Lushan himself does not live to see the final end to open fighting, which lasts on into 763.

Viewed as paranoid and dangerous, An is assassinated in 757 by his own son, An Qingxu, after which his Yan dynasty continues to spiral into a turmoil that eventually leads to its eventual collapse in 763.