Baibars

Baibars or Baybars (1223 – 1 July 1277, Damascus), is a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt.

He is one of the commanders of the forces that inflict a devastating defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France and he leads the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which marks the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history.

His reign marks the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidifies the durability of their military system.

He manages to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in Syria and to unite Egypt and Syria into one powerful state that is able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols.

As Sultan, Baibars also engages in a combination of diplomacy and military action that allows the Mamluks to greatly expand their empire.

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