Giovanni Fattori completes the oil-on-board La Torre Rossa (1866-87; Museo Civico Fattori, Livorno).
In the 1880s, he paints mainly rural themes, such as horses and cattle.
His visits to the estate of the Princes Corsini in Maremma in 1881 and 1882 have culminated in a series of paintings of cowherds, some of which are exhibited at the Esposizione Nazionale in Venice in 1887.
Fattori ad been a leader of the Macchiaioli painters in Florence, and had sent two paintings to the Exposition Universelle of Paris in 1878 but had been too impoverished to attend in person.
The harsher realism of his works from the late 1870s reveal his disillusionment.
