Hugh O'Conor by birth or Hugo Oconór by Spanish, is a military governor of northern Mexico.

He is appointed governor of Texas by the Spanish viceroy of New Spain in 1767.

It is recorded that O'Conor rode well over 10,000 miles (16,000 km) on horseback in the course of conducting his duties.

O'Conor is called "The Red Captain" by the Apache, both for the color of his hair and his formidable military leadership.

O'Conor is the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona, having authorized the construction of a military fort in this location in 1775.

In 1777, O'Conor requests, due to his failing health, to be transferred to the Yucatan Peninsula, whereupon he is promoted to brigadier general and appointed Governor of Yucatan Peninsula.

He serves there until his death in 1779.