Martin Buber (February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) is an Austrian Jewish and Israeli philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I–Thou relationship and the I–It relationship.
Born in Vienna, Buber comes from a family of observant Jews, but breaks with Jewish custom to pursue secular studies in philosophy.
n 1902, he becomes the editor of the weekly Die Welt, the central organ of the Zionist movement, although he later withdraws from organizational work in Zionism.
In 1923, Buber writes his famous essay on existence, Ich und Du (later translated into English as I and Thou), and in 1925, he begins translating the Hebrew Bible into the German language.
He is nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature ten times, and Nobel Peace Prize seven times.