Nicholas If-Jesus-Christ-Had-Not-Died-For-Thee-Thou-Hadst-Been-Damned Barebon who trades as Nicholas Barbon (c. 1640 – c. 1698) is an English economist, physician and financial speculator.

He is counted among the critics of mercantilism and is one of the first proponents of the free market.

In the aftermath of the Great Fire of London, he also helps to pioneer fire insurance and s a leading player in the reconstruction work—although his buildings are planned and erected primarily for his own financial gain.

His unusual middle name, given to him by his strongly Puritan father, is an example of a hortatory name: religious "slogan names" are often given in Puritan families in 17th-century England.