Austrian Revolution & Reaction: 1852-63
1852 CE to 1863 CE
The liberal revolutions of 1848 in Italy, Galicia, Bohemia and Hungary rock the Habsburg Empire, and in Vienna itself, the revolutionists drive out Metternich and gain from Emperor Ferdinand a liberal constitution, which a constituent assembly soon replaces with a more democratic one.
After a new outbreak Vienna is bombarded by imperial forces, and absolutism is gradually but steadily restored in Austria.
Before two decades pass, however, the Habsburgs lose Lombardy and Venetia to a unified Italy and are forced by Hungarian moderate naionalists to create a dual state known as the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, an anachronism in an increasingly nationalistic age.
The failure of the German-Magyar minority to provide a satisfactory status for the other nationalities, notably the Slavs, plays a major role in bringing about the Great War.
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