Granada War

The Granada War (Spanish: Guerra de Granada) is a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492, during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos) Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, against the Nasrid dynasty's Emirate of Granada.

It ends with the defeat of Granada and its annexation by Castile, ending all Islamic rule on the Iberian peninsula (al-Andalus).The ten-year war is not a continuous effort, but a series of seasonal campaigns launched in spring and broken off in winter.

The Granadans are crippled by internal conflict and civil war, while the Christians are generally unified.

The war also sees the effective use of artillery by the Christians to rapidly conquer towns that would otherwise have required a long siege.

On January 2, 1492 Muhammad XII of Granada (King Boabdil) surrenders the Emirate of Granada, the city of Granada, and the Alhambra palace to the Castilian forces.The war is a joint project between Isabella's Crown of Castile and Ferdinand's Crown of Aragon.

The bulk of the troops and funds for the war come from Castile, and Granada is annexed into Castile's lands.

The Crown of Aragon is less important: apart from the presence of King Ferdinand himself, Aragon provides naval collaboration, guns, and some financial loans.

Aristocrats are offered the allure of new lands, while Ferdinand and Isabella centralize and consolidate power.

The aftermath of the war sees the end of convivencia ("live and let live") between religions In the Iberian peninsula: the Jews are forced to convert to Christianity or be exiled in 1492, and in 1501, all of Granada's Muslims are obliged to either convert to Christianity, become slaves, or be exiled; by 1526 this prohibition spreads to the rest of Spain.

"New Christians" (conversos) come to be accused of crypto-Islam and crypto-Judaism.

Spain will go on to model its national aspirations as the guardian of Christianity and Catholicism.

The fall of the Alhambra is still celebrated every year by the City Council of Granada, and the Granada War is considered in traditional Spanish historiography as the final war of the "Reconquista."

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