Pichincha, Battle of
1822 CE
The Battle of Pichincha takes place on May 24, 1822, on the slopes of the Pichincha volcano, thirty-five hundred meters above sea-level, right next to the city of Quito, in modern Ecuador.
The encounter, fought in the context of the Spanish American wars of independence, pits a Patriot army under General Antonio José de Sucre against a Royalist army commanded by Field Marshal Melchor Aymerich.
The defeat of the Royalist forces loyal to Spain bring about the liberation of Quito, and secure the independence of the provinces belonging to the Real Audiencia de Quito, or Presidencia de Quito, the Spanish colonial administrative jurisdiction from which the Republic of Ecuador will eventually emerge.
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Bolívar assigns the task of extending Colombian rule to the Presidency of Quito (present-day Ecuador) to his lieutenant, Antonio José de Sucre, who goes initially to the port of Guayaquil, where another local uprising has already deposed the Spanish authorities, and eventually wins a decisive victory in the Battle of Pichincha, on the outskirts of Quito itself, in May 1822.
The defeated royalist commander quickly surrenders the rest of the presidency to Colombia.
The royalist army holding out at Pasto is now in an untenable position and surrenders, too.
Guayaquil still poses a problem, for it had been operating as an autonomous city-state since its own rebellion against Spain, but Bolivar has no intention of allowing Quito's principal outlet to the sea to remain outside Colombia.
In July, just days before he meets in Guayaquil with the Argentine liberator Jose de San Martin, who is at this time serving as protector of Peru, which also has designs on Guayaquil, Bolívar's followers take control of the port city.
A vote on joining Colombia is held, but the result is predetermined.
The defeated royalist commander quickly surrenders the rest of the presidency to Colombia.
The royalist army holding out at Pasto is now in an untenable position and surrenders, too.
Guayaquil still poses a problem, for it had been operating as an autonomous city-state since its own rebellion against Spain, but Bolivar has no intention of allowing Quito's principal outlet to the sea to remain outside Colombia.
In July, just days before he meets in Guayaquil with the Argentine liberator Jose de San Martin, who is at this time serving as protector of Peru, which also has designs on Guayaquil, Bolívar's followers take control of the port city.
A vote on joining Colombia is held, but the result is predetermined.