Platine War

The Platine War, also known as the War against Oribe and Rosas (18 August 1851 – 3 February 1852) is fought between the Argentine Confederation and an alliance consisting of the Empire of Brazil, Uruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes.

The war is part of a long-running contest between Argentina and Brazil for influence over Uruguay and Paraguay, and hegemony over the Platine region (areas bordering the Río de la Plata).

The conflict takes place in Uruguay, on the Río de la Plata, and northeastern Argentina.In 1850, the Platine region is politically unstable.

Although the governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas, has used his position to gain dictatorial control over other Argentine provinces, his rule is plagued by a series of regional rebellions.

Meanwhile, Uruguay struggles with a long-running civil war which had started after acquiring independence from Brazil in 1828.

Rosas backs the Uruguayan Blanco party in this conflict, and further desires to extend Argentine borders to areas formerly occupied by the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

This means asserting control over Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia.

Rosas' objective also threatens Brazilian interests and sovereignty since the old Spanish Viceroyalty had also included territories which had since been assimilated into Brazil's province of Rio Grande do Sul.Brazil actively pursues ways to eliminate the Rosist threat.

In 1851, it allies with the Argentine breakaway provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios (led by Justo José de Urquiza), and the anti-Rosas faction in Uruguay.

Brazil next secures the northern flank by signing defensive alliances with Paraguay and Bolivia.

Faced with an offensive alliance against his regime, Rosas declares war on Brazil.

Allied forces then advance into Uruguayan territory, defeating the Rosas-aligned faction led by Manuel Oribe.

Afterwards, the allied army is split, with the main arm advancing by land to engage Rosas's main defenses and the other launching a seaborne assault directed at Buenos Aires.The Platine War ends in 1852 with the allied victory at the Battle of Caseros, establishing Brazilian hegemony over much of South America.

The war's result further ushers in a period of economic and political stability in the Empire of Brazil.

With Rosas gone, Argentina begins a process that will result in a more unified state.

However, the end of the war does not completely resolve other issues within the Platine region.

Turmoil continues in subsequent years, with internal disputes among political factions in Uruguay, a long civil war in Argentina, and an emergent Paraguay asserting its claims.

Two more major international wars follow during the next two decades, sparked by territorial ambitions and conflicts over influence.

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