...Singhasari (thirteenth century), with their centers on…

...Singhasari (thirteenth century), with their centers on the upper reaches of the Brantas River, on the west and east of the slopes of Mount Kawi (Gunung Kawi), respectively.

On the whole, despite evidence of socioeconomic well-being and cultural sophistication, institutionally Srivijaya and Mataram remain essentially webs of clanship and patronage, chieftainships carried to their highest and most expansive level.