A Persian work, Denkart, represents Judaism as…

A Persian work, Denkart, represents Judaism as the principal religion of the Khazars.

In the capital city, the Khazars establish a supreme court composed of seven members, and every major religion (Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Slavic paganism) is represented on this judicial panel.

The Khazars thus sponsor religious tolerance in a time when surrounding countries persecute those who refuse to follow the faith of the rulers.

Income that is derived from duties on goods passing through Khazar territory, in addition to tribute paid by subordinate tribes, maintains the wealth and the strength of the Jewish Khazar empire throughout the ninth century.

In about 889, the Khazars and the Oguz, a confederation of Turkic peoples of the central Asian steppes, attack the nomadic Turkic Pechenegs, who had originally inhabited the area between the Volga and Yaik (Ural) rivers.