Russian attempts to encroach upon Turkmen territory…
1864 CE to 1875 CE
Of all the Central Asian peoples, the Turkmen put up the stiffest resistance against Russian expansion.
In 1869 the Russian Empire establishes a foothold in present-day Turkmenistan with the foundation of the Caspian Sea port of Krasnovodsk (now Turkmenbashy).
From there and other points, they march on and subdue the Khiva Khanate in 1873.