After the dynastic union of Spain and…

Native raids on frontier settlements escalate in the spring and summer of 1764.

The hardest hit colony this year is Virginia, where more raids occur on July 26, when four Delaware native soldiers kill and scalp a school teacher and ten children in what is now Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

Incidents such as these prompt the Pennsylvania Assembly, with the approval of Governor Penn, to reintroduce the scalp bounties offered during the French and Indian War, which pay money for every native killed above the age of ten, including women.

In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuart, with eighteen hundred cavalrymen, raids Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, on October 11 during a raid into the North, destroying $250,000 of railroad property and taking five hundred guns, hundreds of horses, and at least "eight young colored men and boys"

General Ewell had crossed the Potomac on June 17, and by June 23 is nearing Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

...before General Lee, at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, knows about it.

With the Shenandoah Valley clear of Union forces, Early launches a raid into northern territory, the last made by a substantial Confederate force during the war, burning Chambersburg, Pennsylvania as retribution for David Hunter's burning of civilian houses and farms earlier in the campaign. (Hunter had also burned the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, but Early's orders to his cavalry under John McCausland did not mention this as a justification.)

They also attack Union garrisons protecting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad near Cumberland, Maryland.

As a result of this defeat and McCausland's burning of Chambersburg on July 30, Grant returns the VI and XIX Corps to the Valley and appoints Major General Philip Sheridan as commander of Union forces here, turning the tide once and for all against the Confederates in the Valley.