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Alba has served from 1555 to 1557 in Italy, where he has distinguished himself for his subtlety and generalship in the war against Pope Paul IV.

After the abdication of Charles V he had been continued in the command by Philip II, who, however, has restrained him from extreme measures.

Alba has subdued the whole Campagna and is at the gates of Rome, when he is compelled by Philip's orders to negotiate a peace.