Following the burning of Alexandria and its…

Following the burning of Alexandria and its occupation by British marines, the British install the khedive in the Ras at Tin Palace.

The khedive obligingly declares Urabi a rebel and deprives him of his political rights.

Urabi in turn obtains a religious ruling, a fatwa, signed by three Al Azhar sheikhs, deposing Tewfiq as a traitor who has brought about the foreign occupation of his country and betrayed his religion.

Urabi also orders general conscription and declares war on Britain.

Thus, as the British army is about to land in August, Egypt has two leaders: the khedive, whose authority is confined to British-controlled Alexandria, and Urabi, who is in full control of Cairo and the provinces.